Journal: Nature Communications
Article Title: Platelet-bioengineered hiPSC-sEVs achieve targeted repair of fibrotic sinoatrial node in preclinical SND models
doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-65936-0
Figure Lengend Snippet: a Key features of the SH-IR SND model. Created in BioRender. Liu, J. (2025) https://BioRender.com/d69k920 ; b Schematic of the SH-IR model construction (yellow outline - SAN area; SVC: superior vena cava; RAA: right atrial appendage; Ao: aorta); c Comparison of heart rate and R-R interval length before and after modeling ( n = 15 biological independent rats). Statistical significance was determined by a paired, two-tailed t -test (**** P < 0.0001); d Surface electrocardiograms recorded post-modeling reveal hallmark arrhythmias of SND; e Analysis of heart rate variability before and after modeling, including time-domain parameters (e.g., AVNN), nonlinear Poincaré plot metrics (SD1, SD2, and SD1/SD2), DFA long-term fluctuation index (α2), and sample entropy (SampEn) ( n = 16 biological independent rats). Statistical significance was determined by a paired, two-tailed t -test (* P < 0.05, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001); f Representative electrocardiograms from treatment groups before modeling, after modeling, and 28 days post-treatment; g Longitudinal measurements of heart rate, R-R interval, and relative heart rate reduction ( n = 5 biological independent rats per group). Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (* P < 0.05, *** P < 0.001; ns, not significant); h ADSNRT was assessed in the PM@i-sEV group after modeling and at 28 days post-treatment ( n = 3 biological independent rats). Statistical significance was determined by a paired, two-tailed t -test (** P < 0.01); i Intrinsic heart rate measurements after autonomic nervous system blockade were performed. Red arrows denote normal sinus P waves, while gray arrows indicate inverted P’ waves originating from ectopic non-SAN pacemaker sites. Statistical analysis of intrinsic frequency was conducted on day 28 ( n = 5 biological independent rats per group). Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (* P < 0.05; ns, not significant). Results were presented as mean ± SEM. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
Article Snippet: After obtaining stable ECG signals from the rats, adenosine (1 mg/kg, HY-B0228, MCE) was rapidly injected via the tail vein.
Techniques: Comparison, Two Tailed Test
ADInstruments is a verified supplier 
